Eliminating Nuclear Threats
A Practical Agenda for Global Policymakers
REPORT OF THE INTERNATIONAL COMMISSION ON NUCLEAR NON-PROLIFERATION AND DISARMAMENT
GARETH EVANS and YORIKO KAWAGUCHI CO-CHAIRS Commission Members
- Home
- Cover
- Contents
- Co-chairs’ Preface
- Synopsis: A Comprehensive Action Agenda
- Abbreviations
- PART I: SEIZING THE MOMENT
- PART II: ASSESSING NUCLEAR THREATS AND RISKS
- PART III: FORMULATING POLICY RESPONSES
- PART IV: FROM POLICY TO ACTION: A COMPREHENSIVE AGENDA
- Notes and Sources
- Annex A: Commission Recommendations
- Annex B: Members of the Commission
- Annex C: How the Commission Worked
- Index
- Boxes
Abbreviations
| ABACC | Argentine-Brazilian Agency for Accounting and Control of Nuclear Materials |
| ABM | Treaty Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty |
| ALCM | air-launched cruise missile |
| BMD | ballistic missile defence |
| BWC | Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention |
| CANDU | Canadian Deuterium (heavy water) (natural) Uranium power reactor |
| CCW | Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons |
| CD | UN Conference on Disarmament |
| CDI | Center for Defense Information |
| CFE | Treaty on Conventional Armed Forces in Europe |
| CPPNM | Convention on the Physical Protection of Nuclear Material |
| CSI | Container Security Initiative |
| CTBT | Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty |
| CTBTO | Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organization |
| CTR | Cooperative Threat Reduction |
| CWC | Chemical Weapons Convention |
| DUPIC | Direct Use of Pressurized Water Reactor Spent Fuel in CANDU reactor |
| FAS | Federation of American Scientists |
| FMCI | Fissile Material Control Initiative |
| FMCT | Fissile Material Cut-off Treaty |
| G8 | Group of Eight (Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Russia, the United Kingdom and the United States) |
| G-20 | Group of Twenty (Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, France, Germany, India, Indonesia, Italy, Japan, Mexico, Russia, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, South Korea, Turkey, United Kingdom, United States and the European Union) |
| GCR2P | Global Centre for the Responsibility to Protect |
| GICNT | Global Initiative to Combat Nuclear Terrorism |
| GIF | Generation IV International Forum |
| GLCM | ground-launched cruise missile |
| GNEP | Global Nuclear Energy Partnership |
| GWe | gigawatts (billion watts) electrical |
| HEU | high enriched uranium |
| IAEA | International Atomic Energy Agency |
| ICAN | International Campaign to Abolish Nuclear Weapons |
| ICBL | International Campaign to Ban Landmines |
| ICBM | intercontinental ballistic missile |
| ICJ | International Court of Justice |
| IISS | International Institute for Strategic Studies |
| IMS | CTBT International Monitoring System |
| INF Treaty | Intermediate and Short Range Nuclear Forces Treaty |
| IRBM | intermediate range ballistic missile |
| ISIS | Institute for Science and International Security |
| ITDB | IAEA Illicit Trafficking Database |
| IUEC | International Uranium Enrichment Centre |
| kt | kiloton, thousand tons TNT equivalent |
| kWh | kilowatt hours |
| LEU | low enriched uranium |
| LOW | launch on warning |
| LUA | launch under attack |
| LWR | light water reactor |
| MIRV | multiple independently targetable re-entry vehicle |
| MOX | mixed oxide (plutonium and uranium) |
| MRBM | medium range ballistic missile |
| Mt | megaton, million tons TNT equivalent |
| MTCR | Missile Technology Control Regime |
| MWe | megawatts (million watts) electrical |
| NAM | Non-Aligned Movement |
| NAS-CISAC | National Academy of Sciences Committee on International Security and Arms Control |
| NATO | North Atlantic Treaty Organization |
| NCA | National Command Authorities |
| NFU | no first use |
| NGOs | non-governmental organizations |
| NORAD | North American Aerospace Defense Command |
| NNWS | non-nuclear-weapon state, as defined by the NPT |
| NSA | negative security assurance |
| NSG | Nuclear Suppliers Group |
| NPT | Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons |
| NTI | Nuclear Threat Initiative |
| NWC | model Nuclear Weapons Convention |
| NWFZ | nuclear weapon free zone |
| NWS | nuclear-weapon state, as defined by the NPT (United States, Russia, United Kingdom, France, China) |
| OTA | U.S. Office of Technology Assessment |
| PAROS | Prevention of an Arms Race in Outer Space |
| PSI | Proliferation Security Initiative |
| PTBT | Partial Test Ban Treaty |
| PWR | pressurized water reactor |
| R&D | research and development |
| RDD | radiation dispersal device |
| RERTR | Reduced Enrichment for Research and Test Reactors program |
| RRW | Reliable Replacement Warhead |
| SALT | Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty |
| SLBM | submarine/sea-launched ballistic missile |
| SLCM | sea-launched cruise missile |
| SIPRI | Stockholm International Peace Research Institute |
| SNT | sensitive nuclear technology (uranium enrichment and plutonium separation) |
| SORT | Strategic Offensive Reductions Treaty |
| SRAM | short-range air-to-surface missile |
| SSBN | ship submersible ballistic nuclear (strategic nuclear submarine) |
| SSOD | (UN General Assembly) Special Session on Disarmament |
| SSP | U.S. Stockpile Stewardship Program |
| START | Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty |
| THAAD | Terminal High Altitude Area Defense missile defense |
| TMD | theatre missile defense |
| TNW | tactical nuclear weapon |
| TTBT | Threshold Test Ban Treaty |
| UNCOPUOS | UN Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space |
| UNGA | UN General Assembly |
| UNIDIR | UN Institute for Disarmament Research |
| UNSCR | UN Security Council Resolution |
| WANO | World Association of Nuclear Operators |
| WINS | World Institute for Nuclear Security |
| WNA | World Nuclear Association |
| WMD | weapons of mass destruction (nuclear, chemical, biological) |
| WMDFZ | weapons of mass destruction free zone |
